Think about the last time you considered introducing a significant change in your enterprise with the intention of improving organizational effectiveness. Maybe you were contemplating a change in employment policies such as flextime or one in customer-facing processes such as a new billing system. You likely studied the proposed change in detail, discussed it at length with relevant colleagues, came up with a strategy for implementing it, and then introduced it. A crucial step is missing from this process, however: a rigorous way to determine whether the change is accomplishing its intended objectives.