Brain imaging studies have documented that the intensity of the emotional pain and hurt that bullying elicits activates the same brain pathways linked to physical pain. Bullying increases rates of anxiety, depression and panic and can leave a harmful imprint on children into adulthood.

It's important to help survivors cope as soon as possible after the bullying occurs. What can you do? Here are five tips to help:

1. Be present and listen closely to what they have to say. You may not be able to offer them immediate solutions, but let them know that they are not alone.
2. Normalize and validate their reactions. Don’t minimize what happened to them, but don’t get hysterical either – remain calm and let them share their perception of the experience with you. Remember, it is their experience, not yours.
3. Identify their connections. Have them identify who they are connected to at home, at school, and in the community. Help them create or restore connections to provide them with a sense of belonging.
4. Engage them in activities that they are good at and enjoy. This further supports a sense of belonging and provides a sense of accomplishment and mastery.
5. Teach them how to regulate their emotions. Help them to identify their feelings, such as anger or sadness. Provide and practice strategies that can help them regulate their emotions.